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It is possible that the war on Ukraine was close to a subjugation. The United States have been protagonists of wars. But none of them has directly involved the two major world powers. And yet, and this remains uncertain. But this is not the main question. When the war is over, we will have to ask ourselves why Europe, America, Russia were involved in the war that partly devastated Ukraine. A war without precedent in the history following the Second World War. The war on Russia has not been part of American and European history, even though numerous wars have been fought in which Russia has had an indirect participation and the United States has fought, and promised, directly. The Second World War, after the first two years of uncertainty, during which the Soviet Union flanked Germany in Russia, broke out in the summer of 1941 with war between Russia and Germany, which had invaded the Soviet Union. The response was the beginning of the war that lasted until the end of 1945, after Hitler's suicide and the entry into Berlin of the Soviet army that had first defended Russia and then conquered part of Eastern Europe, after suffering 25 million deaths and the destruction of part of Russia. The sequel was a clash between the victorious powers that included the United States led by Roosevelt and Great Britain led by Winston Churchill. In fact, France led by de Gaulle had fought against the German occupation of France since the autumn of 1943, but de Gaulle, although at the head of France, had not been called to the two conferences of....Yalta and Berlin. This exclusion will have effects on subsequent history, but here it is important to remember that the history of the war was coming to a conclusion with the participation and decisions taken by the Soviet Union, the United States, which entered the war at the end of 1941 after the Japanese aggression at the port of...,,,, (The second Yalta conference near Berlin had not had the participation of Benjamin Roosevelt who died a few days before the conference. At the same time Esen had replaced Churchill, having won the British elections. It was the beginning of a new era in world history with victorious powers at its center. The American government had decided to end the clash with Japan by bombing Hiroshima with the first atomic bomb and then Nagasaki. It was the end of Chinese participation in the war and at the same time the eve of the end of more than a decade of partisan warfare against the Chinese government. A new phase in world history was opening. A phase not free from wars. The United States had invaded Vietnam led by H Chi Min. The war ended with the victory of Vietnam but not without suffering vast destruction of the country and over two million deaths. In reality the wars had survived the peace agreements and had affected many other arts over time. But there were wars, up to Afghanistan and before that also in the East and in Nird Africa that had not seen the direct intervention of Russia until, before Khrushchev (?) the war had been fought in Western Europe, in Asia and in the Mediterranean. All this is part of history and it would be useless to mention them again, if a particular circumstance were opened. Russia had been reduced to prices after the end of the regime and Putin, relatively well known was not called to govern Russia led by and reduced to a condition of poverty. It was not a coincidence that Putin, surrounded by a dominant part that had taken possession of the wealth still available lived partly in Western Europe investing resources stolen from the country in Western countries. These aspects do not exhaust European history, but it is worth underlining the decisive role of the United States and the disintegration of Russia. That Ruai had an interest in resuming the difficult path of growth in a country devastated by post-war politics is not difficult to understand. But for the United States, the role of control over Europe through NATO remained essential. The counterattack was not only on relatively minor countries, if we exclude Poland, but also on Ukraine, which borders Russia for over 1,000 kilometers. It was a definitive triangle, even if not an extremely clear one, between Germany, the largest country in the economic sphere of Western Europe, and Russia, the largest country in the world by the end of 2021. In a famous meeting in the Kremlin, Angla Merkel, who had been leading the country for seven years, and Vladimir Putin established an agreement that was to guarantee the opening of the second gas pipeline to Germany and with oil available for other parts of Europe. In essence, an agreement after years of dissension centered on the fate of Ukraine, which created an understanding between the two major European powers - the Russian Federation without the
Antonio Lettieri

Editor of Insight and President of CISS - Center for International Social Studies (Roma). He was National Secretary of CGIL; Member of ILO Governing Body and Advisor for European policy of Labour Minister. (a.lettieri@insightweb.it)